REPEATED USE OF A PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES TO THE EXTENT THAT THE USER IS PERIODICALLY OR CHRONICALLY INTOXICATED, SHOWS A COMPULSION TO TAKE THE PREFERRED SUBSTANCE, OR SUBSTANCES, HAS GREAT DIFFICULTY IN VOLUNTARILY CEASING OR MODIFYING DRUG USE, AND SHOWS A WILLINGNESS TO OBTAIN DRUGS BY ALMOST ANY MEANS. IN UNQUALIFIED FORM DEPENDENCE REFERS TO BOTH PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS.